Introduction
Osteoporosis, often referred to as the “silent thief of bones,” affects over 50 million Indians, according to estimates from the Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR). With India’s aging population projected to rise significantly by 2050, the burden of osteoporosis is expected to increase dramatically, especially among postmenopausal women and sedentary elderly men. Despite its prevalence, public awareness remains low, and many myths persist regarding its causes, prevention, and treatment. At the recent CME on Bone Care Essentials hosted by Move and Shine Orthopedic Wellness Clinic, distinguished experts tackled these misconceptions and laid out a science-backed approach to stronger bones.
Myth 1: Osteoporosis Only Affects Women
“Men are equally vulnerable, especially after 60. However, awareness among men is shockingly low in India,” noted Dr. Sudip Manohar, Consultant Endocrinologist at Apollo Hospitals. While estrogen loss in women is a known risk factor, testosterone decline in aging men also significantly contributes to reduced bone density. Moreover, Indian men often ignore early signs like back pain or height loss, mistaking them for normal aging.
Myth 2: Calcium Supplements Alone Prevent Osteoporosis
In India, it is a common belief that taking a calcium tablet daily is sufficient for bone health. Dr. Manohar clarified, “Calcium is just one part of the equation. Vitamin D, hormonal balance, regular physical activity, and nutritional variety are equally essential.”
Unfortunately, due to limited sun exposure, darker skin, and poor dietary diversity, Vitamin D deficiency is rampant in India. A study published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research found that over 70% of Indians are Vitamin D deficient, directly impacting bone metabolism.
Myth 3: It’s a Natural Part of Aging—Nothing Can Be Done
Another dangerous myth is that osteoporosis is inevitable and untreatable. Contrary to belief, osteoporosis is both preventable and manageable. DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scans allow early diagnosis. When combined with lifestyle changes, therapy, and supplementation, bone loss can be slowed or even partially reversed.
Evidence-Based Therapies
- Pharmacological Options:
o Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, Risedronate): First-line therapy for most postmenopausal women.
o Denosumab: Injected every 6 months, ideal for those who cannot tolerate oral bisphosphonates.
o Teriparatide: A recombinant PTH analog, useful in severe osteoporosis with high fracture risk.
o Raloxifene: A SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) often used in women with risk of breast cancer.
- Nutritional Support:
o Calcium (1000–1200 mg/day) through dietary sources like dairy, ragi, sesame, and leafy greens.
o Vitamin D3 (800–1000 IU/day), often requiring supplementation in urban Indian populations.
o Magnesium, Vitamin K2 (especially MK-7), and trace minerals like zinc and boron.
- Lifestyle Interventions:
o Exercise: Weight-bearing aerobic activities like brisk walking, stair climbing, and yoga.
o Diet: High-protein diet with phytoestrogens for women (e.g., soya, flaxseed).
o Behavioral: Avoid smoking, limit alcohol, and maintain healthy body weight.
Cultural and Social Challenges in India
In India, elderly care is often neglected. Osteoporosis is underdiagnosed due to poor access to specialists, particularly in rural areas. Women often prioritize family health over their own, delaying diagnosis and care. Public health campaigns rarely mention bone health explicitly.
Conclusion
Don’t wait for a fracture to diagnose osteoporosis,” warned Dr. Manohar. With early screening, comprehensive lifestyle changes, and appropriate therapy, osteoporosis need not be a life sentence. Empowering people with knowledge is the first step in preventing needless suffering.
